What is OraInventory? why do we set it?

What is Oracle Inventory? ?

The Oracle Inventory directory (oraInventory) stores an inventory

of all software installed on the system.

It is required and shared by all Oracle software installations on a single system.

If you have an existing Oracle Inventory path, then Oracle Universal Installer continues to use that Oracle Inventory.

Note:

§ All Oracle software installations rely on this directory.

Ensure that you back it up regularly.

§ Do not delete this directory unless you have completely

removed all Oracle software from the system.

§ By default, the Oracle Inventory directory is not installed under the oracle base directory. This is because all Oracle software installations share a common Oracle Inventory, so there is only one Oracle Inventory for all users. Whereas, there is a separate Oracle Base for each user.

OraInst.loc

When you install Oracle software on the system for the first time, Oracle Universal Installer creates the oraInst.loc file.

This file identifies:

§ the name of the Oracle Inventory group (typically, oinstall),

§ and the path of the Oracle Inventory directory.

An oraInst.loc file has contents similar to the following:

inventory_loc=central_inventory_location

inst_group=group

where:

§ central_inventory_location is the location of the Oracle Central Inventory,

§ and group is the name of the group that has permissions to write to the central inventory.

To determine whether the oraInst.loc file exists, enter the following command:

# more /etc/oraInst.loc

If the oraInst.loc file exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following:

inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory

inst_group=oinstall

In the previous output example:

§ The inventory_loc group shows the location of the Oracle Inventory

§ The inst_group parameter shows the name of the Oracle Inventory group (in this example, oinstall).

Group

To determine if the Oracle Inventory group exist, enter the following command:

grep oinstall /etc/group

If the oraInst.loc file does not exist, then create the Oracle Inventory group by entering the following command:

/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

Log

The following are the default locations for supported operating systems:

§ Linux and UNIX: USER_HOME/oraInventory/logs/

§ Windows: C:\\Program Files\Oracle\Inventory\logs\

How to configure data guard in Oracle

Step 1: Configuring standby database from primary database

[oracle@rizwan ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@rizwan dbs]$ cp initprod.ora initstand.ora

Important Parameter (make changes in both parameter files)

Both side db_name must be same

For primary db:

1. db_name = prod (use same name for all standby databases)

2. db_unique_name = hyd (a unique db name to uniquely identify

primary and standby db because db_name is same)

3. Log_archive_dest_1 =‘location = /u01/user20/prod/arch’

(destination for local archive)

 Log_archive_dest_2 = ‘service=
topune’

( destination for standby database)

5. Standby_file_management= auto

(it automatically create file at standby db site)

For Standby db:

db_name = prod;

db_unique_name = pune;

1 .db_file_name_convert (specify the path name and datafile location of

primary database

datafile followed by standby location)

2. standby_archive_dest (location of archives coming from primary database)

3. log_file_name_convert (.specify the path name and redo logfile

location of primary database redo logfile followed by standby location)

4 fal_server =’tohyd’ (the value is tns service name, to fetch archived log from primary site when log gap is detected at standby site)

5. fal_client =’topune’ (the value is tns service name to copies

missing archive to standby database.

Step – II:- Both side create password file with same password

at dbs location

$ orapwd file=orapwprod password=manager force=y ignorecase=y

$oracpwd file=orapwstand password=manager force=y ignorecase=y

Step – III:- Configure Listener at standby side and TNS service at

primary side

listener name= list_stand and TNS service= tostand

Step – IV:- Start the standby database in nomount stage

[oracle@rizwan ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=stand

[oracle@rizwan ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SYS> startup nomount

Connect to RMAN

[oracle@rizwan ~]$ rman target / nocatalog auxiliary sys/manager@tostand

Rman> duplicate target database for standby from active database;

Step-V: At standby database side starting mrp (media recovery process)

process

Sql>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;

How to stop mrp process

Sql> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

How to check mrp process is running or not

$ps –ef |grep mrp

Starting the Standby db in read only mode

Sql> alter database recover managed standby database cancel; à stop mrp

Sql> alter database open à opens in read only mode

Imp views

v$archive_dest (To check if any error in transferring archives)

v$managed_standby (Current status information for oracle database process)

v$archived_log (To check how many archives are applied at standby database Side)

To Be Continue......

Multiplexing Redo log File in oracle 11g

Why? Redo Log Multiplexing

To protect against failure of the redo logs, Oracle allows redo logs to be multiplexed. With multiplexed redo logs two or more identical copies can be placed in separate locations.

The log writer process (LGWR) writes the same redo information to each multiplexed log.

Multiplexing uses groups of redo log files. A group contains a redo log and all of its multiplexed copies. Each copy or member is identical. It is required that there are at least two groups and in the case of multiple members per group that all members be the same size. It is recommend but not required that each group has the same number of members.

First we take a look at our current redo log groups and see how many members are in each group.

SQL> select group#, members, bytes from v$log;

GROUP# MEMBERS BYTES

---------- ---------- ----------

1 1 52428800

2 1 52428800

3 1 52428800

Here we see that there are three redo log groups with one member each and that the log files are 50MB in size.

In this example we will add one member to each group using ALTER DATABASE

ADD LOGFILE MEMBER TO GROUP.

SQL> alter database

2 add logfile member '/u03/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo/redo01_b.log'

3 to group 1;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database

2 add logfile member '/u03/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo/redo02_b.log'

3 to group 2;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database

2 add logfile member '/u03/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo/redo03_b.log'

3 to group 3;

Database altered.

SQL> host

Now when we execute the first query we see that each group has two members.

SQL> select group#, members, bytes from v$log;

GROUP# MEMBERS BYTES

---------- ---------- ----------

1 2 52428800

2 2 52428800

3 2 52428800

SQL>

If you happen to be need another redo log group you can multiplex the group at creation by specifying two file names. Below is an example of creating a multiplexed redo log group with two members with ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE GROUP.

Now looking at V$LOG we see four groups with two members each.

SQL> alter database

2 add logfile group 4

3 ('/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo/redo04.log','/u03/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo/redo04_b.log')

4 size 50M;

Database altered.

SQL>

SQL> select group#, members, bytes from v$log;

GROUP# MEMBERS BYTES

---------- ---------- ----------

1 2 52428800

2 2 52428800

3 2 52428800

4 2 52428800

SQL>

Oracle Parameter Lisit

Green = New in Oracle 10g

Red = Deprecated in 10g

Bold = Static Parameter

Blue = new in 11g

Oracle init.ora parameter list

active_instance_count

aq_tm_processes

archive_lag_target

asm_diskgroups

asm_diskstring

asm_power_limit

audit_file_dest

audit_sys_operations

audit_trail

background_core_dump

background_dump_dest

backup_tape_io_slaves

bitmap_merge_area_size

blank_trimming

circuits

cluster_database

cluster_database_instances

cluster_interconnects

commit_point_strength

compatible

control_files

core_dump_dest

cpu_count

create_bitmap_area_size

create_stored_outlines

cursor_sharing

cursor_space_for_time

current_schema

db_2k_cache_size

db_4k_cache_size

db_8k_cache_size

db_16k_cache_size

db_32k_cache_size

db_block_buffers

db_block_checking

db_block_checksum

db_block_size

db_cache_advice

db_cache_size

db_create_file_dest

db_create_online_log_dest_n

db_domain

db_file_multiblock_read_count

db_file_name_convert

db_files

db_flashback_retention_target

db_keep_cache_size

db_name

db_recovery_file_dest

db_recovery_file_dest_size

db_recycle_cache_size

db_unique_name

db_writer_processes

dblink_encrypt_login

dbwr_io_slaves

ddl_wait_for_locks

dg_broker_config_filen

dg_broker_start

disk_asynch_io

dispatchers

distributed_lock_timeout

dml_locks

drs_start

error_on_overlap_time

enqueue_resources

event

fal_client

fal_server

fast_start_io_target

fast_start_mttr_target

fast_start_parallel_rollback

file_mapping

fileio_network_adapters

filesystemio_options

fixed_date

gc_files_to_locks

gcs_server_processes

global_context_pool_size

global_names

hash_area_size

hash_join_enabled

hi_shared_memory_address

ifile

instance_groups

instance_name

instance_number

instance_type

isolation_level

java_max_sessionspace_size

java_pool_size

java_soft_sessionspace_limit

job_queue_processes

large_pool_size

license_max_sessions

license_max_users

license_sessions_warning

local_listener

lock_name_space

lock_sga

log_archive_config

log_archive_dest

log_archive_dest_n

log_archive_dest_state_n

log_archive_duplex_dest

log_archive_format

log_archive_local_first

log_archive_max_processes

log_archive_min_succeed_dest

log_archive_start

log_archive_trace

log_buffer

log_checkpoint_interval

log_checkpoint_timeout

log_checkpoints_to_alert

log_file_name_convert

log_parallelism

logmnr_max_persistent_sessions

max_dispatchers

max_dump_file_size

max_enabled_roles

max_rollback_segments

max_shared_servers

memory_max
memory_max_target

mts_circuits

mts_dispatchers

mts_listener_address

mts_max_dispatchers

mts_max_servers

mts_multiple_listeners

mts_servers

mts_service

mts_sessions

nls_calendar

nls_comp

nls_currency

nls_date_format

nls_date_language

nls_dual_currency

nls_iso_currency

nls_territory

nls_language

nls_length_semantics

nls_nchar_conv_excp

nls_numeric_characters

nls_sort

nls_territory

nls_time_format

nls_time_tz_format

nls_timestamp_format

nls_timestamp_tz_format

o7_dictionary_accessibility

object_cache_max_size_percent

objects max

object_cache_optimal_size

objects min

olap_page_pool_size

open_cursors

open_links

open_links_per_instance

optimizer_dynamic_sampling

optimizer_features_enable

optimizer_index_caching

optimizer_index_cost_adj

optimizer_max_permutations

optimizer_mode

oracle_trace_collection_name

oracle_trace_collection_path

oracle_trace_collection_size

oracle_trace_enable

oracle_trace_facility_name

oracle_trace_facility_path

os_authent_prefix

os_roles

operating system

parallel_adaptive_multi_user

parallelism

parallel_automatic_tuning

parallel_execution_message_size

parallel_instance_group

parallel_max_servers

parallel_min_percent

parallel_min_servers

parallel_server

parallel_threads_per_cpu

partition_view_enabled

pga_aggregate_target

plsql_code_type

plsql_compiler_flags

plsql_debug

plsql_native_c_compiler

plsql_native_library_dir

plsql_native_library_subdir_count

plsql_native_linker

plsql_native_make_file_name

plsql_native_make_utility

plsql_optimize_level

plsql_v2_compatibility

plsql_warnings

dba_plsql_object_settings

pre_page_sga

processes

query_rewrite_enabled

query_rewrite_integrity

rdbms_server_dn

read_only_open_delayed

recovery_parallelism

remote_archive_enable

remote_dependencies_mode

remote_listener

remote_login_passwordfile

password file

remote_os_authent

remote_os_roles

replication_dependency_tracking

resource_limit

resource_manager_plan

resumable_timeout

rollback_segments

row_locking

serial_reuse

service_names

session_cached_cursors

session_max_open_files

session can open

sessions

sga_max_size

sga_target

shadow_core_dump

shared_memory_address

shared_pool_reserved_size

shared_pool_size

shared_servers

shared_server_sessions

skip_unusable_indexes

smtp_out_server

configuration parameter

sort_area_retained_size

sort_area_size

spfile

sp_name

sql92_security

update/delete

sql_trace

sqltune_category

sql_version

compatibility

standby_archive_dest

destination

standby_file_management

star_transformation_enabled

statistics_level

streams_pool_size

tape_asynch_io

thread

timed_os_statistics

seconds

timed_statistics

time_zone

trace_enabled

tracefile_identifier

transaction_auditing

transactions

transactions_per_rollback_segment

undo_management

undo_retention

undo_suppress_errors

mode

undo_tablespace

use_indirect_data_buffers

use_private_outlines

use_stored_outlines

user_dump_dest

utl_file_dir

workarea_size_policy